Final answer:
The cells responsible for creating the organic components of the bone matrix are osteoblasts, which secrete collagen and other proteins before becoming trapped in the matrix and differentiating into osteocytes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cells responsible for synthesizing the organic components of the bone matrix are osteoblasts. These cells are crucial for bone formation as they synthesize and secrete collagen and non-collagen proteins to form the organic matrix, which then becomes mineralized when deposition of calcium and phosphate occurs, forming hydroxyapatite. Osteoblasts eventually get trapped within the matrix they create, differentiating into osteocytes, the cells maintaining mature bone. On the other hand, osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, osteocytes are mature bone cells managing the bone's mineral homeostasis, and osteoprogenitor cells are stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts for bone repair.