Final answer:
In medical coding, brackets [ ] are used to indicate the relationship between the main term and an associated condition or etiology, providing additional clarification or context.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between the main term and an associated condition or etiology in medical documentation and coding is often indicated by the use of brackets [ ]. These brackets serve to provide additional information or clarify the main term. For instance, in a quotation, if a term needs to be modified for clarity or to provide further context, the modifications made to the original text would be placed within brackets, as shown in this example: Abruzzi cited the study, noting that "[t]he results provide hope to patients [with muscular dystrophy]." It's essential to use such punctuation correctly to maintain the accuracy and clarity of the information presented.