Final answer:
The risk of HBV infection post-occupational exposure is considered moderate to high for unvaccinated healthcare workers. Vaccination, protective barriers, proper sharps disposal, stringent sterilization protocols, and post-exposure prophylaxis are vital in reducing transmission risk.
Step-by-step explanation:
The risk of infection after an occupational exposure to HBV (Hepatitis B virus) can vary, but it is generally considered to be moderate to high if the exposed healthcare worker is not vaccinated. In healthcare settings, when treating patients infected with HBV, there is a significant risk of transmission through needle sticks and other sharp instrument injuries. To reduce this risk, health-care workers are recommended to receive the HBV vaccine, and the use of protective barriers such as gloves and face shields, safety-engineered medical devices, proper disposal of sharps, and stringent disinfection protocols are crucial. Additionally, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) including the administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination should be used immediately after exposure to potentially infected materials. Hepatitis B is known to remain infectious on environmental surfaces for up to seven days, so disinfecting surfaces with a recommended solution such as 10% bleach is important in preventing the spread of the virus.