Final answer:
The process of moving air into and out of the lungs for gas exchange is known as pulmonary ventilation, which is essential for respiration.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of moving air into and out of the lungs is commonly called breathing or pulmonary ventilation. This process is essential for respiration, which is the exchange of gases between the body and the outside atmosphere. While breathing refers to the mechanical act of moving air in and out of the lungs, the term respiration encompasses both breathing and the biochemical aspects, such as the gas transport and exchange within the body. Internal respiration pertains to the exchange of gases between the blood and cells, while external respiration involves the exchange of gases at the respiratory membrane of the lungs.