Final answer:
The term 'TD' might be a typo, but the question seems to refer to the cause of end stage renal failure in a 63-year-old patient. Common causes include diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis, while acute-on-chronic events can exacerbate chronic kidney disease. Renal replacement therapies, like dialysis or a transplant, are often necessary at this stage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term 'TD' in the context of a 63-year-old with end stage renal failure potentially refers to tardive dyskinesia, which is unlikely, or it could be a typo or abbreviation for something else that isn't specified. Assuming the question pertains to the cause of end stage renal failure (ESRF) in such a patient, the culprit can be a number of conditions. Most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can lead to ESRF, are diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. However, sudden worsening of chronic renal failure, known as acute-on-chronic renal failure (AoCRF), can occur due to an acute event superimposed on chronic kidney disease. This acute event could potentially be reversible and aims to return the patient to their baseline renal function, typically measured by serum creatinine.
In advanced stages, CKD patients may require renal replacement therapy (RRT) such as dialysis or a kidney transplant. Unfortunately, without this intervention, CKD can lead to fatal complications, as the kidneys lose their ability to function fully and sustain the body's needs.
Other specific diseases like multiple myeloma can also lead to chronic renal failure by mechanisms such as hypercalcemia or cast nephropathy.