Final answer:
Quid pro quo refers to an exchange where something is given in return for something else, such as job benefits for sexual favors which is considered sexual harassment. It can also apply to political agreements, diplomatic relations, and informal exchanges between individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for when a supervisor offers a work-related reward in exchange for a sexual favor is known as quid pro quo sexual harassment. This unethical and illegal practice implies a coercive exchange where job benefits are contingent upon the employee submitting to unwelcome sexual advances or conduct. Other examples of quid pro quo include scenarios like logrolling in politics, where one legislator supports another's proposal in return for support on their own; or international diplomacy, where countries might exchange benefits or concessions such as state visits or the exchange of ambassadors based on mutual respect and intended reciprocity. The same logic of give-and-take can be observed in less formal settings, such as when neighbors exchange favors or in the sharing of goods among family and friends without expecting immediate compensation, which is more akin to generalized reciprocity.