Final answer:
Indians experienced discrimination primarily through forced labor in mines, limited land ownership, and restricted voting rights. They were denied citizenship and religious freedoms and suffered loss of land due to allotment programs and settler expansion. These wide-ranging measures were part of a broader pattern of discrimination and segregation in American history.
Step-by-step explanation:
Indians faced significant discrimination throughout American history in a number of ways. Forced labor in mines, limited land ownership, and restricted voting rights are all accurate examples of the discrimination they experienced. Polarizing practices such as allotment programs drastically altered land ownership patterns by promoting individual ownership rather than communal, often leading to loss of land to speculators and white squatters. Additionally, the denial of citizenship until 1924 and the outlawing of Indian religions under an 1880 law exemplify the depth of their cultural and civic suppression. Even after becoming U.S. citizens, Native Americans were often denied voting rights through states' interpretations of residency and taxation laws, injustices aligned with the country's broader legacy of segregation and discrimination, seen in different contexts with other minority groups.
Compounding these hardships, tribal reservations were frequently flooded with white settlers expanding their presence, further diminishing the Native American hold on their ancestral lands. The implementation of Indian Boarding Schools further severed indigenous connections to their heritage, with children of landowners becoming alienated from their cultural background.