Final answer:
Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is a highly contagious illness caused by parvovirus B19. It is characterized by a distinct red facial rash called the 'slapped cheek' rash and may also appear on the arms, legs, chest, back, or buttocks. Roseola and fifth disease may both cause rashes, but they are caused by different viruses. While fifth disease usually resolves on its own in children, adults and immunocompromised individuals may experience more serious symptoms and complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fifth Disease/Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19)
Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is a common and highly contagious illness caused by parvovirus B19. It is transmitted through contact with respiratory secretions from an infected individual. The disease is more common in children, and while some individuals may be asymptomatic, others may experience cold-like symptoms followed by a distinct red facial rash called the 'slapped cheek' rash. A second rash may appear on the arms, legs, chest, back, or buttocks. The rash may come and go for several weeks but usually disappears within seven to twenty-one days.
Similarity and Difference between Roseola and Fifth Disease
One similarity between roseola and fifth disease is that they both cause rashes. However, they are caused by different viruses. Roseola is caused by human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) or HHV-7 and is characterized by symptoms such as a runny nose, sore throat, cough, and high fever. On the other hand, fifth disease is caused by parvovirus B19 and is characterized by the distinctive 'slapped cheek' rash. Additionally, serological tests can be conducted for confirmation of the diagnosis of both diseases.
Risks and Complications
In children, fifth disease usually resolves on its own without treatment. However, adults may experience joint pain and swelling for several weeks or months. Immunocompromised individuals can develop severe anemia and may need medical intervention. Serological testing can be done to confirm the diagnosis in cases where the rash is not present or consistent.