Final answer:
The colon becomes the descending colon at the splenic flexure, and the part of the large intestine that attaches to the appendix is the cecum.
Step-by-step explanation:
At the splenic flexure, the colon becomes the descending colon. This is the part of the colon that runs down the left side of the posterior abdominal wall. When food residue passes through the transverse colon, it travels across to the left side of the abdomen and then sharply angles down at the splenic flexure to become the descending colon. It is in the descending colon that the waste continues its journey down before entering the pelvis and transitioning into the s-shaped sigmoid colon.
The part of the large intestine that attaches to the appendix is the cecum. The appendix is a vestigial organ that is connected to the cecum, which is located right after the small intestine and before the ascending colon in the sequence of large intestine segments.