Final answer:
The process of retrieving information from long-term memory to working memory is known as retrieval. Three methods of retrieval include recall, recognition, and relearning, where recall is direct memory access, recognition involves identifying known information, and relearning is reacquiring previously known info faster.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of taking information from long-term memory back to working memory is known as retrieval. Retrieval is a vital function of memory that allows for the act of recalling information that has been previously encoded and stored in long-term memory. When we retrieve information, it comes back into our conscious awareness where we can actively use or consider it.
There are several methods by which information can be retrieved, including recall, recognition, and relearning. Recall is the direct retrieval of information without the need for cues, used in tasks such as essay tests. Recognition requires the identification of previously encountered information from a selection of options, like in multiple-choice tests. Relearning indicates how much faster we reacquire information we've previously learned.
Essentially, retrieval is the mechanism by which memories are pulled from their storage in long-term memory and reintroduced into working memory, playing an essential role in how we access and use our past experiences and knowledge.