Final answer:
Calcium-containing antacids can neutralize stomach acid and may lead to electrolyte imbalance or metabolic alkalosis if taken excessively. These antacids produce calcium chloride, water, and CO2, which could result in belching. Long-term use may increase the risk of kidney stones and constipation.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a patient takes a calcium-containing antacid, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3), it reacts with the hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach, leading to a neutralization reaction. This reaction can affect the body's electrolyte and acid-base balance. The reaction is as follows:
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl₂(aq) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)
This reaction not only neutralizes stomach acid, but it also produces calcium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide gas, which can lead to belching. Excessive use of calcium antacids can cause a condition called hypercalcemia, which is characterized by elevated calcium levels in the blood and can potentially lead to metabolic alkalosis if not managed properly. Additionally, the increased calcium intake from antacids can contribute to the risk of developing kidney stones.
On the flip side, antacids can bring relief from heartburn by reducing the excess acid in the esophagus due to their basic property. However, long-term or excessive use can have repercussions such as constipation or electrolyte imbalance.