Final answer:
Biology explains protection mechanisms like exoskeletons in organisms against environmental stresses and mechanical challenges in medical implants due to material incompatibility.
Step-by-step explanation:
The quoted phrases describe how various organisms protect themselves from mechanical or chemical stresses. Organisms that live in environments with stressors such as air exposure, sunlight, dryness, and pounding waves often have exoskeletons to shield their bodies. Biology explains that an exoskeleton is a rigid external covering that provides support and protection for the body beneath it. For instance, an exoskeleton can prevent water loss in dry conditions or protect against the mechanical stress of waves.
Metal implants in medicine, such as those used for hip and knee replacements, also relate to the study of surfaces under stress. Over time, these implants may fail, partially because metal does not naturally bond with bone. Thermal stress can also impact materials, as seen with mechanical stresses affecting potholes formation or the expansion of dental fillings. The compatibility of expansion coefficients in various materials is essential to manage the stresses and prevent damage.