Final answer:
A patient with long-standing poorly controlled diabetes is more likely to experience orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic neuropathy affecting the sympathetic nervous system. Frequent urination, increased thirst, and hunger are also common symptoms of diabetes.
Step-by-step explanation:
A patient with long-standing poorly controlled diabetes may experience various complications relating to the disease. Among the options provided, the symptom most associated with long-term poorly controlled diabetes is orthostatic hypotension. Diabetes can lead to autonomic failure, a condition where the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not function correctly. This autonomic neuropathy can impair the postganglionic sympathetic fibers, potentially resulting in orthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure upon standing. This symptom may not present in all individuals with long-standing diabetes but can occur due to the associated nerve damage.
Other common symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger due to the kidneys working hard to filter and remove excess sugar from the blood. If blood glucose levels are not well managed, patients may also experience complications such as ketoacidosis or significant urinary glucose loss.