Final answer:
Pregnant women should avoid certain medications and substances known as teratogens, like heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine, which can harm the developing baby. Certain medications used in medical settings may also carry risks and must be weighed carefully. Childhood immunizations have reduced the incidence of rubella, another teratogen, in the United States.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is important for pregnant women to avoid certain medications due to the risk of teratogens, which can harm the developing baby. While the specific medications listed in the question (Etomidate, Midazolam (Midaz), Propofol (Prop), Rocuronium (Roc)) have varying levels of risks and data associated with their use during pregnancy, they are generally avoided unless absolutely necessary and when the benefits outweigh the risks.
The use of heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine is particularly harmful during pregnancy as these substances are considered teratogens. Babies born addicted to these substances require careful medical supervision to manage withdrawal symptoms, and this can be a life-threatening situation without proper care. Furthermore, teratogens can include not only substances but also radiation, certain viruses, like HIV and herpes, and infections such as rubella (German measles). Pregnant women in the United States have a lower risk of rubella thanks to widespread childhood immunizations or vaccinations.