Final answer:
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), occurs when the kidneys can no longer function properly due to long-term, irreversible damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), occurs when the kidneys can no longer function properly due to long-term, irreversible damage. This condition is characterized by the loss of the ability of nephrons in the kidney to fully function.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive kidney disease that can lead to ESRD. Diabetic nephropathy and polycystic kidney disease are examples of kidney diseases that can cause ESRD.
ESRD requires some form of renal replacement therapy, such as dialysis or kidney transplant, to sustain life.