Final answer:
The Glenn procedure, Fontan procedure, and Norwood procedure are surgical procedures used to treat congenital heart defects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Glenn procedure, Fontan procedure, and Norwood procedure are all surgical procedures used to treat congenital heart defects.
The Glenn procedure is typically performed on children with a single ventricle and involves redirecting blood directly from the superior vena cava to the pulmonary arteries.
The Fontan procedure is performed on children with complex congenital heart defects that result in a single ventricle, and it involves redirecting blood flow directly from the inferior vena cava to the pulmonary arteries without passing through the right atrium.
The Norwood procedure is performed on infants with complex congenital heart defects that involve hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and it involves reconstructing the aorta and redirecting blood flow to ensure oxygenated blood reaches the body.