Final answer:
The pH stat CPB acid-base strategy may lead to complications such as hypothermia, hyperkalemia, and increased clotting factors. A presented case study indicates respiratory acidosis with compensatory alkalosis due to asthma, demonstrating the impact of respiratory conditions on acid-base balance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question concerns the acid-base management during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, specifically the pH stat strategy and its associated complications. The pH stat approach involves adding carbon dioxide to the blood to maintain a stable pH during hypothermia, which can cause a slight deviation to the acid side of the pH scale due to increased carbon dioxide (pCO2) and bicarbonate (HCO3¯) levels.
Complications of pH stat strategy can include hypothermia, which is a decrease in body temperature. In the context of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), other complications such as hyperkalemia and increased clotting factors can arise, leading to potential risks for the patient.
A case study presented involves a 64-year-old named Brooks admitted to the emergency room for asthma. The lab results of pH 7.31 with higher than normal pCO2 and HCO3¯ levels suggest the presence of respiratory acidosis with a compensatory metabolic alkalosis. Asthma, by causing airway obstruction, leads to inadequate ventilation, resulting in the accumulation of carbon dioxide and pushing blood pH to acidic levels.