Final answer:
The neurological exam is used to detect neuropsychologic impairment, focusing on cognitive functions including memory in the mental status exam. The sensory exam section is used for assessing impaired sensory functions through specific subtests.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neurological Exam and Neuropsychologic Impairment
The psychological test that determines neuropsychologic impairment is the neurological exam, a comprehensive clinical assessment tool used to evaluate the extent of neurological function and identify potential damage or disease within the central nervous system (CNS). One of the key components of this exam is the mental status exam, which focuses on higher cognitive functions such as memory, orientation, and language. This part of the neurological exam assists clinicians in identifying the location of cerebral damage, particularly in relation to cognitive abilities.
For a patient with impaired sensory functions, a neurologist might perform several tests, including using a 128 Hz tuning fork to test bone conduction. However, the specific question relating to sensory functions would most likely involve a subtest from the sensory exam section of the neurological exam.
Drawing upon the principles of localization of function, the neurological exam segments into multiple parts, assessing areas such as cranial nerves, sensory and motor functions, coordination, gait, and more. The precise nature of the patient's impairment guides the clinician in selecting the appropriate subtests to determine the location and extent of CNS damage, which is crucial for effective therapy and recovery.