Final answer:
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by four components: pulmonary infundibular stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It causes mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, leading to symptoms such as low blood oxygen saturation and cyanosis. Treatment involves surgical repair.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by four components: pulmonary infundibular stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It occurs when there is an opening in the interventricular septum caused by blockage of the pulmonary trunk, allowing blood with lower oxygen levels to mix with oxygenated blood. Symptoms include a heart murmur, low blood oxygen saturation, difficulty in breathing, and cyanosis. Treatment involves surgical repair, but the condition has a relatively high mortality rate.