Final answer:
LPNs can measure peak expiratory flow, which involves spirometry to determine lung volumes. The FEV1/FVC ratio diagnosed during spirometry differentiates between restrictive lung diseases like fibrosis and obstructive diseases like asthma.
Step-by-step explanation:
Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) are able to measure peak expiratory flow as part of their scope of practice. The measurement of lung volumes using spirometry includes the forced expiratory volume (FEV), which is how much air can be forced out of the lung over a specific period, generally one second (FEV1). Additionally, spirometry assesses the forced vital capacity (FVC), representing the total volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after taking the deepest breath possible.
The FEV1/FVC ratio is particularly useful in diagnosing lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema, and fibrosis. A high FEV1/FVC ratio indicates possible lung fibrosis, where the lungs are stiff and the patient can expel most of the lung volume quickly. A low FEV1/FVC ratio suggests obstructive lung disease, like asthma, where there is resistance to airflow making it difficult to exhale and leading to a longer time to reach maximal exhalation volume. Both scenarios indicate impaired respiration and potential complications.
LPNs might use this data to help in the assessment and monitoring of patients with suspected respiratory conditions. Understanding the difference between restrictive and obstructive lung diseases determined by the FEV1/FVC ratio is crucial for providing accurate healthcare interventions.