Final answer:
Hypothyroidism is characterized by a deficiency in thyroid hormone production, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Hashimoto thyroiditis is a common cause in the US and treatment typically involves lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Unmanaged hypothyroidism during pregnancy can lead to severe fetal outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid does not produce enough thyroid hormone, which is critical for regulating metabolism. The signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism include a spectrum of effects like fatigue, coldness, weight gain, shortness of breath, constipation, menorrhagia, poor memory and hearing, hoarseness, slow heart rate, delayed reflexes, and carpal tunnel syndrome. An important aspect to note is that hypothyroidism can lead to serious complications, such as myxoedema in adults, which results in thick, dry, and waxy skin, as well as dulled mental abilities and sensitivity to cold.
Hashimoto thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States, leading to symptoms like goiter, cold intolerance, muscle weakness, painful and stiff joints, depression, and memory loss. Treatment for this condition usually involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy, which might be required for a lifetime. It's crucial for pregnant women to manage hypothyroidism, as it can have serious adverse consequences for the fetus, including potential permanent deficits in cognitive abilities and deafness.