Final answer:
Prejudice and discrimination are caused by cognitive processes and social categorization, according to Tajfel.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Tajfel, prejudice and discrimination are caused by cognitive processes and social categorization. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on their membership in a particular social group. Tajfel's research suggests that people tend to categorize others into social groups based on characteristics such as gender, race, ethnicity, and religion, which can lead to the formation of stereotypes and biases.