Final answer:
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that causes the production of thick mucus, leading to frequent lung infections and malabsorption of nutrients. Respiratory infections can range from mild to severe, with infants being particularly vulnerable. Medical interventions can help manage CF symptoms, but individuals with CF remain susceptible to respiratory infections throughout their lifetime.
Step-by-step explanation:
CF (cystic fibrosis) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that causes the production of thick, sticky mucus that clogs the respiratory and digestive organs. This results in frequent lung infections and malabsorption of nutrients. Respiratory infections can range from mild cold-like symptoms to severe pneumonia, which can be life-threatening, especially in infants.
CF is caused by a mutation in a gene called CFTR, which leads to the production of a faulty protein that impairs salt transfer in cells. The abnormal salt transfer causes mucus to become abnormally thick and sticky, blocking passages in mucus-secreting organs, such as the lungs, pancreas, reproductive system, and intestine.
Medical interventions can help people with CF manage their symptoms and live into middle adulthood. However, respiratory pathogens will remain a challenge, and individuals with CF are more susceptible to respiratory infections throughout their lifetime.