Question

Physiologically habit forming and have a ______ therapeutic index

Answer 1

The term 'physiologically habit forming and have a low therapeutic index' is associated with addictive substances that can lead to dependence, requiring increased dosages for the same effect and resulting in withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation.

Step-by-step explanation:

The student's question pertains to substances that are physiologically habit forming and have a 'low' therapeutic index, implying that these substances can lead to addiction and have a narrow margin between therapeutic and toxic doses. Addiction refers to the compulsive use of such substances despite understanding the harmful consequences. When a person develops a tolerance, they require increasing quantities of the drug to gain the desired effect, which might lead to a dangerous level of consumption and even overdose. Withdrawal describes the variety of negative symptoms experienced when drug use is discontinued.

Physiological dependence is significant in cases of psychoactive drugs, which can lead to both physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use. Rehabilitation from drug addiction typically includes psychotherapy and may involve the use of other psychoactive substances as a temporary measure.

Answer 2

Psychoactive drugs can lead to physiological dependence, requiring increased amounts for the same effect. Low therapeutic index and withdrawal symptoms are common with habit-forming substances. Rehabilitation includes psychotherapy and may involve the use of other drugs.

Step-by-step explanation:

Psychoactive substances have the potential to create a physiological state of dependence, marked by a need to consume higher quantities to attain the sought-after effects. This is often referred to as a tolerance. Accompanying tolerance is a condition known as withdrawal, characterized by various negative symptoms when the use of the drug discontinues. Substances that are physiologically habit-forming tend to have a low therapeutic index, indicating a narrow margin between therapeutic and harmful doses.

Habit-forming drugs impact the amplitude and frequency of brain waves, sometimes exhibiting effects in the theta wavelength (4-7 Hz), which commonly relates to a state of wakefulness with high sensory awareness, thought, and attention. The cycle of addiction includes using the drug to relieve stress or pain, developing dependence, experiencing withdrawal symptoms without it, and creating a tolerance that drives increased usage, potentially leading to dangerous levels of consumption and even overdose.

Ultimately, addiction is the compulsive use of a drug in spite of detrimental consequences. Rehabilitation may include psychotherapy and the careful administration of other psychoactive drugs, aimed to manage withdrawal symptoms and foster recovery from addiction.