Final answer:
Ultrasound and scanning probe microscopy are nondestructive inspection techniques used to locate surface defects. Ultrasound uses sound waves to detect cracks and voids in solids, while scanning probe microscopy employs sharp probes to interact directly with a specimen's surface.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ultrasound is a nondestructive inspection technique that is commonly used to locate surface defects in materials. Ultrasound can detect cracks, voids, and thickness variations in solids such as aircraft wings. It works by emitting sound waves that reflect off changes in density, allowing the detection of small defects that may not be visible with other methods such as x-rays.
Another nondestructive technique is scanning probe microscopy, which involves using sharp probes to interact directly with the surface of a specimen. This technique can achieve high magnifications and has been used for research purposes to observe individual atoms on surfaces.
Nondestructive inspection methods are important in industries like manufacturing and materials testing, as they allow for the evaluation of material integrity without causing damage. These techniques contribute to ensuring the quality and safety of products.