Final answer:
Hypertrophic left transverse process is an overgrowth of the transverse process, and sacralization is the abnormal fusion of the lumbar vertebra to the sacrum. The sacrum's anatomy includes various crests and processes for articulation and nerve transmission.
Step-by-step explanation:
The terms hypertrophic left transverse process and sacralization refer to anatomical variations within the vertebral column. A hypertrophic left transverse process indicates an enlargement or overgrowth of the transverse process, which is a bony projection on the vertebra where muscles and ligaments attach. This condition could potentially lead to back pain or other complications due to irregular spinal anatomy.
Sacralization is an anomaly where the lumbar vertebra, typically the last lumbar vertebra (L5), becomes fused to the sacrum, which is a triangular-shaped bone at the base of the spine formed from the fusion of five sacral vertebrae. Key landmarks in the sacrum include the median and lateral sacral crests, the sacral promontory, and the superior articular process. The median sacral crest is formed from the fusion of vertebral spinous processes, and the lateral sacral crest is formed from the fusion of transverse processes. The superior articular process of the sacrum extends upward to articulate with the inferior articular process of the L5 vertebra.