Final answer:
Diagnosing diabetes mellitus involves a series of tests including blood glucose estimation, glucose tolerance test, and investigation tests like Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) and Glucagon Tolerance Test (GuTT). Other methods like Benedict's reducing sugar test and the A1C test can also be used to detect and screen for diabetes mellitus. Endocrinologists use various laboratory tests including fasting blood glucose levels, stimulation tests, suppression tests, and the A1C test to diagnose diabetes mellitus and other endocrine disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus:
To confirm the provisional diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, a series of tests are conducted. Blood glucose estimation is carried out to diagnose diabetes mellitus, whereby hyperglycemia is observed. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) is done in patients suspected with diabetes mellitus, especially those who do not show any glucosuria and whose fasting blood glucose level is within normal values. If the GTT is positive, further investigations like the Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) and Glucagon Tolerance Test (GuTT) can be performed to determine the type of diabetes, whether insulin-dependent or independent. The detection and screening of diabetes mellitus can also be done using tests like Benedict's reducing sugar test, which is a preliminary method to detect diabetes mellitus through urine sugar testing. In addition, endocrinologists use various laboratory tests to diagnose endocrine disorders, including diabetes mellitus. Examples of these tests include fasting blood glucose levels, stimulation tests, suppression tests, and the A1C test, which measures average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months.