Final answer:
Carbamazepine can lead to developmental delays and congenital anomalies if a fetus is exposed during pregnancy, with risks including neural tube defects and craniofacial defects among others.
Step-by-step explanation:
The teratogenic effects of carbamazepine, a medication used primarily for the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain, can include developmental delays and congenital anomalies if exposed during pregnancy. Studies have identified potential risks such as neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, cardiovascular malformations, and developmental delay. The likelihood of teratogenic effects depends on various factors including the potency of the drug, the dose of the teratogen, and the susceptibility of the fetus to teratogenesis. It is important for women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant to discuss the risks and benefits of continuing carbamazepine therapy with their healthcare provider.