Final answer:
Anti-Jo-1 antibodies should make you think of polymyositis or dermatomyositis, which are autoimmune inflammatory muscle diseases.
Step-by-step explanation:
A diagnosis that should be considered when there are Anti-Jo-1 antibodies present is polymyositis or dermatomyositis. These are autoimmune inflammatory muscle diseases. Anti-Jo-1 antibodies are specific to these conditions and are found in around 20-30% of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis. These antibodies are directed against a protein called histidyl tRNA synthetase which is involved in protein synthesis.