Final answer:
Corticosteroids such as prednisone are the main treatment for giant cell arteritis to quickly reduce inflammation. Aspirin may also be used to reduce the risk of complications. Doctors carefully balance the corticosteroid dosage to minimize side effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The treatment for giant cell arteritis often involves high doses of corticosteroid medications such as prednisone. Immediate treatment is critical to prevent possible complications, such as vision loss. The corticosteroids are usually started as soon as the diagnosis is suspected, even before the diagnosis is confirmed with a biopsy. Corticosteroids help to quickly reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. In addition to corticosteroids, aspirin may be used to reduce the risk of complications like stroke and heart attack. However, long-term steroid use can have side effects, so doctors aim to find the lowest possible effective dose, and may also recommend calcium and vitamin D supplements to help protect bone density. Other treatment options can be considered if steroids are not effective or if the side effects are too severe. These treatments may involve drugs that suppress the immune system, such as methotrexate or tocilizumab.