Final answer:
Total lung capacity in COPD may be normal or increased, but effective lung volume decreases due to hyperinflation caused by damaged alveoli. COPD, often caused by tobacco smoking, includes conditions like emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi.
Step-by-step explanation:
In individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), total lung capacity may be normal or increased due to hyperinflation of the lungs; however, the effective usable lung volume is often decreased. COPD describes a group of lung conditions, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, that cause breathing difficulties. The structure of the alveoli is compromised due to the destruction of their walls, leading to larger but fewer alveoli, which impacts gas exchange efficiency. The leading cause of COPD is tobacco smoking, and it is imperative for individuals with COPD to keep their vaccinations up to date to avoid respiratory infections which can exacerbate their condition.
Lyme disease, another health concern unrelated to COPD, is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged or deer ticks.