Final Answer:
Carpal tunnel syndrome affects the median nerve and primarily involves the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and a portion of the ring finger.
Step-by-step explanation:
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition characterized by the compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway formed by the bones and ligaments of the wrist, and the median nerve is responsible for providing sensation to the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and the radial half of the ring finger. It also controls the muscles at the base of the thumb.
When the carpal tunnel becomes narrowed or inflamed, often due to repetitive hand movements, injury, or underlying health conditions, it can compress the median nerve, leading to symptoms such as pain, tingling, numbness, and weakness in the affected fingers and hand. The symptoms typically affect the distribution of the median nerve, sparing the little finger and the outer edge of the ring finger.
The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome involves a thorough clinical evaluation, which may include nerve conduction studies and electromyography to assess nerve function. Treatment options range from conservative measures like wrist splints and physical therapy to more invasive interventions such as corticosteroid injections or surgical release of the carpal ligament in severe cases.
Early recognition and management are essential for minimizing symptoms and preventing long-term nerve damage.