Final answer:
A myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack is diagnosed using an ECG and checking for elevated creatine kinase MB and cardiac troponin levels. In the described patient's case, despite symptoms, the cardiac enzymes are normal, suggesting an aborted myocardial infarction. Further imaging tests may be required for accurate diagnosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is typically characterized by a complete blockage of the coronary arteries, leading to the death of cardiac muscle tissue. Diagnosis of an MI usually involves an ECG, which can show alterations in the ST and Q components, indicating an ST-elevated MI (STEMI) or a non-ST-elevated MI (non-STEMI). Additionally, an MI can cause symptoms like chest pain, difficulty breathing, and conditions such as angina pectoris. The key blood tests for MI diagnosis include levels of creatine kinase MB and cardiac troponin. However, in the patient described, despite symptoms of acute myocardial ischemia, the cardiac enzymes remain normal, which could suggest an aborted myocardial infarction.
In cases where an MI cannot be confirmed through the typical biomarkers due to normal enzyme levels, further investigation using imaging tests, such as echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, may be necessary. It's important to note that a significant percentage of MIs present without noticeable symptoms, which can complicate the diagnosis.