Final answer:
A prokaryote that obtains carbon and energy by ingesting prey is a heterotroph and chemotroph, specifically classified as a chemoheterotroph.
Step-by-step explanation:
A prokaryote that obtains carbon and energy by ingesting prey is a heterotroph and chemotroph. Heterotrophs acquire carbon from organic compounds, meaning they consume other organisms or organic material to obtain carbon. Chemotrophs obtain their energy from chemical compounds. When these terms are combined, as in the case of an organism that ingests prey, the correct classification is chemoheterotroph, which is option C) heterotroph and chemotroph. Prokaryotic metabolism is diverse, but those that rely on other organisms for both energy and carbon sources—like the one described in the question—are best described as chemoheterotrophs.