Final answer:
The rhomboid minor muscle originates from the spinous processes of C7-T5 and inserts on the vertebral border of the scapula. It helps with retracting, elevating, and rotating the scapula, which is crucial for shoulder movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The muscle that originates from the spinous processes of C7-T5 and inserts on the vertebral border of the scapula between the inferior angle and the spine of the scapula is the rhomboid minor muscle. This muscle attaches the vertebral border of the scapula to the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae. The rhomboid minor muscle is part of a group that also includes the rhomboid major. Together, these muscles are responsible for retracting the scapula toward the spinal column (adduction) and elevating the medial border of the scapula. They also help rotate the scapula during the downward motion of the arm. The rhomboid minor is superior to the rhomboid major and is involved in the dynamic stabilization of the scapula, which is essential for shoulder movement and function.