Final answer:
A loss of alveoli due to disease creates a physiological dead space, which impacts breathing by reducing the surface area available for gas diffusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the respiratory system, a loss of alveoli due to disease creates a physiological dead space. Dead spaces can severely impact breathing as they reduce the surface area available for gas diffusion, leading to a decrease in oxygen levels and an increase in carbon dioxide levels. This dead space occurs when there is a functional impairment of the alveoli or the lung.