Final answer:
Physicians commonly use an ophthalmoscope and slit lamp microscope, which are optical instruments that allow examination of internal and external structures of the eye, aiding in the diagnosis and management of various eye conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Optical Instruments Used by Physicians for Examining the Eyes
Physicians use various optical instruments to investigate and assess the health of the eyes. One such instrument is the ophthalmoscope, which enables doctors to look at the retina and other structures inside the eye. The ophthalmoscope has a light source and lenses of various strengths that provide a magnified view of the eye's interior, facilitating the detection of conditions such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration. By examining these details, physicians can diagnose and treat visual impairments more effectively.
In addition to ophthalmoscopes, doctors may also use slit lamp microscopes to inspect the frontal structures and the health of the eyes. These instruments provide a highly detailed view of the eye's anatomy, including the cornea, iris, and lens, which is essential for diagnosing and managing ocular diseases.