Final answer:
Crystalloid or colloid solutions are given to replenish fluids and electrolytes in patients who have suffered significant fluid losses, not specifically related to the methods listed but rather to those in urgent situations where blood might not be immediately available.
Step-by-step explanation:
For which of the following methods is crystalloid or colloid solutions given in large volumes? The correct answer is E) None of the above. Crystalloid or colloid solutions are typically given to manage dehydration and fluid loss in patients, rather than for the specific methods listed (A) Cell salvage, (B) Autologous Normovolemic Hemodilution (ANH), (C) Preoperative Autologous Blood Donation (PABD), or (D) Allogenic transfusion. These methods relate to blood conservation and transfusion practices.
Crystalloids, like normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution are often used to restore intravascular volume in patients who have experienced significant fluid losses, such as those due to hemorrhage, whether in trauma, military engagements or disasters. In such situations, when type O blood is not immediately available, medics may use saline solutions to provide fluids and electrolytes. Additionally, albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and plays a key role in maintaining osmotic pressure, which draws water into the blood vessels and prevents it from leaking into the tissues.