Final answer:
All the options listed (Septic transfusions, Transfusion-related hyperkalemia, Transfusion-related lung injuries, and Hemolytic transfusion reactions) are major causes of transfusion-related death.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student has asked which of the following is not a major cause of transfusion-related death: A) Septic transfusions, B) Transfusion-related hyperkalemia, C) Transfusion-related lung injuries, D) Hemolytic transfusion reactions, E) All of these are major causes of transfusion-related death. The correct answer is E) All of these are major causes of transfusion-related death.
Hemolytic transfusion reactions occur when a patient receives a transfusion with an incompatible ABO blood type, leading to a reaction where antibodies in the recipient's blood attack the transfused blood cells. This can cause fever, chills, and more severe reactions like shock, organ failure, and death. Septic transfusions happen due to contaminated blood products causing a bacterial infection in the recipient. Transfusion-related lung injuries involve a reaction that causes lung damage, leading to respiratory failure. Lastly, transfusion-related hyperkalemia is due to the release of potassium from the transfused red blood cells into the plasma, which can result in fatal cardiac arrhythmia if severe and uncontrolled.