Final answer:
D) Alveoli
The gas exchange with blood occurs in the alveoli, which are the tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and the bloodstream.
Step-by-step explanation:
The gas exchange with blood in the human respiratory system takes place in the alveoli. The alveoli are tiny air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles, and they are lined with a simple squamous epithelium that forms a blood-air barrier with the capillaries' endothelial lining. This interface allows for the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled. Therefore, Alveoli (D) is the correct answer to which of the following participates in gas exchange with blood.
Type II pneumocytes (E), although not the site of gas exchange, play a crucial role by secreting pulmonary surfactant that reduces the surface tension in the alveoli, preventing their collapse and thus facilitating gas exchange. However, the question specifically asks for the site where the exchange occurs, making alveoli the correct choice.