Final answer:
Neurons are the central building blocks of the nervous system, playing a crucial role in processing and transmitting information. The nervous tissue consists of gray matter and white matter, with gray matter containing the cell bodies and white matter consisting of myelinated axons. Neurons communicate through electrical and chemical signals, enabling various functions of the nervous system.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neurons are the central building blocks of the nervous system. They are specialized cells that process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. Neurons consist of various parts, such as the semipermeable membrane, cell bodies, axons, and myelin sheath. They play a crucial role in all functions of the nervous system, from simple reflexes to complex decision-making and memory.
The nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord consists of gray matter and white matter. Gray matter contains the cell bodies of neurons, while white matter consists mainly of myelinated axons. Nerves, which make up the peripheral nervous system, are long bundles of myelinated axons.
Neurons communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals. Like a person in a committee, one neuron receives messages from multiple neurons and decides whether to transmit the message further. This communication is essential for all functions performed by the nervous system.