Final answer:
Measuring bilirubin typically involves the Direct and Indirect Van Den Bergh tests reacting with Diazo reagents.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common methods for measuring bilirubin are based on its reaction with Diazo reagents in tests known as the Van Den Bergh reactions. There are two types of tests: the Direct Van Den Bergh test, which measures conjugated bilirubin that reacts to Diazo reagent without alcohol and turns purple-red.
This occurs typically in obstructive jaundice. The other is the Indirect Van Den Bergh test, which measures unconjugated bilirubin that only reacts with Diazo reagent in the presence of alcohol, and it is a sign of hemolytic or infective jaundice.
Bilirubin itself is a breakdown product of hemoglobin from red blood cells and is processed by the liver into bile. An excess of bilirubin in the blood leads to jaundice, or icterus, where skin and eyes show a characteristic yellow discoloration.