Final answer:
b. Ad hoc mode, c. Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS), and d. Peer-to-peer mode are wireless networking topologies that allow client devices to communicate directly without an Access Point.
Step-by-step explanation:
A wireless networking topology in which client devices communicate directly with each other without the use of a controlling Access Point (AP) is known as Ad hoc mode, Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS), and Peer-to-peer mode. These modes allow devices to connect to each other directly for the purpose of data communication. The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a name associated with a wireless network, not a topology, and Infrastructure mode involves devices communicating through an Access Point, which is opposite to the direct communication method of the other three.