The structure labeled “C” in the image is called the Medulla Oblongata.
The medulla oblongata is a vital part of the brainstem responsible for essential autonomic functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure regulation.
Situated at the base of the brain, it connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain and serves as a relay station for nerve signals. Its control over involuntary bodily functions underscores its critical role in maintaining homeostasis.
Additionally, the medulla oblongata plays a key role in reflex actions, swallowing, and certain aspects of sensory and motor functions. Its intricate neural network contributes significantly to overall physiological balance and survival.