Final answer:
Vital signs include body temperature, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Body temperature is around 37 °C (98.6 °F), heart rate is 60-100 beats per minute, and breathing rate is 12-18 breaths per minute. Blood pressure is measured using a cuff and a sphygmomanometer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Vital signs are objective and measurable signs of the body's basic functions. They include body temperature, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Body temperature is normally around 37 °C (98.6 °F), heart rate is normally 60-100 beats per minute, and breathing rate is normally 12-18 breaths per minute. Blood pressure is usually between 90/60 and 120/80 mm Hg.
To measure blood pressure, a clinician uses a cuff and a sphygmomanometer. They inflate the cuff to cut off blood flow through the artery, then gradually release the pressure while listening for sounds using a stethoscope. The first sound heard is the systolic pressure, and the last sound heard is the diastolic pressure.