Final answer:
The postconventional level is the final stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development, where morality is considered in abstract terms beyond societal laws, recognizing that legality and morality are not always aligned. Individuals at this stage apply principles that are formed based on justice, human rights, and the common good. Attention is given to the difference between moral reasoning and moral behavior, and the criticism of Kohlberg's work for potential gender bias.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Postconventional Morality
The postconventional level of moral development is the highest stage in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, encompassing Stages 5 and 6. This level indicates an understanding of morality that transcends the societal rules or norms individuals grew up with. Instead of relying purely on laws or peer influence, people at this stage contemplate abstract concepts like justice, human rights, and the common good. They recognize that legality and morality are not always equivalent. For example, protesting against government corruption despite its legality echoes postconventional thinking, as citizens are appealing to a higher sense of justice and morality.
According to Kohlberg, very few people fully achieve this level of moral reasoning. Even adults may not consistently exercise postconventional thought and can sometimes revert to a more basic level of reasoning when making moral choices. It's crucial to note that there is a distinction between moral reasoning and moral behavior, the former doesn't always lead to the latter. An individual's ability to reason at a postconventional level doesn't guarantee that they'll act accordingly in real-life situations.
Kohlberg's framework faced criticism, notably from Carol Gilligan, for potential gender bias, suggesting that men and women might approach moral reasoning differently. Gilligan posits that males often adopt a justice perspective, while females may lean towards a care and responsibility perspective when considering moral decisions.