Final answer:
Salinity of ocean water can be affected by evaporation and precipitation. The phosphate concentration in ocean water is influenced by a slow reciprocal exchange between the ocean and marine ecosystems. Solar radiation influences the temperature of ocean water.
Step-by-step explanation:
Salinity of ocean water can be affected by the process of evaporation and precipitation. When water evaporates, it leaves the dissolved ions behind, increasing the salinity. Conversely, when it rains, the rainwater dissolves minerals from land, decreasing the salinity.
The phosphate concentration in ocean water is affected by the reciprocal exchange between phosphate dissolved in the ocean and marine ecosystems. The movement of phosphate from the ocean to the land and through the soil is very slow, taking thousands of years.
The temperature of ocean water is influenced by solar radiation. The sun's energy warms bodies of water, creating distinct layers of water at different temperatures. Organisms' growth rates and the availability of dissolved oxygen for respiration are affected by water temperature.