Final answer:
The cardiac chambers that are enlarged in patent ductus arteriosus are the left atrium and left ventricle.
Step-by-step explanation:
A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart condition where the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, leading to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. When this occurs, there is increased blood flow to the lungs, which can cause the left side of the heart to work harder than normal. Consequently, this additional workload can lead to enlargement of the left atrium and left ventricle, as they have to handle the increased volume of blood being recirculated. The answer to the question about which cardiac chambers that are enlarged in patent ductus arteriosus is D. Left atrium and left ventricle.