Final answer:
The common echocardiographic finding in patients with chronic renal failure is pericardial effusion. This results from fluid imbalance due to impaired kidney function leading to accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity. While other heart abnormalities can occur, they are less commonly linked to chronic renal failure than pericardial effusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The common two-dimensional echocardiographic finding in patients with chronic renal failure is A. Pericardial effusion. This condition occurs when excess fluid builds up in the pericardial cavity, which can compress the heart and affect its function. In patients with chronic renal failure, fluid balance is often disrupted due to the kidneys' inability to properly manage fluid levels, leading to complications such as pericardial effusion.
Pulmonary edema, which is when excess fluid accumulates in the air sacs of the lungs, is a common symptom of heart and/or kidney failure too. However, it is crucial to distinguish between the presence of fluid in the pericardium and in the lungs. Pulmonary edema is caused by the left side of the heart failing to pump out sufficient blood, leading to a backlog in the pulmonary circulation and thus fluid leakage into lung tissues.
While valvular regurgitation and stenosis are also possible heart abnormalities found via echocardiography, they are typically not as commonly associated with chronic renal failure compared to pericardial effusion.