Final answer:
a) Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the neurodegenerative disease that involves the destruction of myelin sheaths in the CNS, leading to various neurological symptoms and communication issues within the nervous system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The neurodegenerative disease characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheaths of central nervous system (CNS) neurons is multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is an inflammatory disease where the body's immune system attacks the protective myelin sheath that covers nerve fibers. This leads to communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body and can result in symptoms like fatigue, vision problems, weakness, and loss of balance. Currently, there is no cure for MS, and it remains an area of active research.